Why celebrate inept leaders? - Or the action fallacy trap

Ever wondered why leaders who lurch from one crisis to the next get ahead, while those who manage their teams seamlessly go unnoticed? This phenomenon is no coincidence - it is the result of a deep-rooted error in thinking, the so-called "action fallacy", which not only distorts the perception of the great leaders of the past, but also poisons the culture of today's workplace.

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Why celebrate inept leaders - or the action fallacy trap


Have you ever wondered miért jutnak előre azok a vezetők, - vagy talán így helytállóbb: Miért az alkalmatlan vezetők jutnak előre a leggyakrabban, akik egyik válságból a másikba tántorognak, melyeket zömében önmaguk okoznak, miközben azok, akik zökkenőmentesen irányítják csapataikat, észrevétlenül maradnak? Ez a jelenség nem véletlen – egy mélyen gyökerező gondolkodási hibának, az úgynevezett "akció tévedésnek" köszönhető, amely nemcsak a múlt nagy vezetőinek megítélését torzítja el, hanem a mai munkahelyek kultúráját is mérgezi.

A CoachLab tapasztalatai alapján minden második vezetőfejlesztési folyamatban találkozunk ezzel a problémával: olyan vezetők kerülnek coaching folyamatba, akik bár látványos "tűzoltó" munkájukkal kerültek pozíciójukba, valójában maguk okozzák azokat a válságokat, amelyeket aztán hősiesen megoldanak. Ezzel szemben azok a vezetők, akik megelőzik a problémákat és stabil, kiszámítható környezetet teremtenek, ritkán kapnak elismerést.

What is the action fallacy and how does it work?

The action error the point is that confusing a good story with good leadership. Hajlamosak vagyunk azt hinni, hogy a legjobb vezetők azok, akik a legtöbb zajt, cselekvést és szenzációs tevékenységet generálják a legtraumatikusabb körülmények között. Pedig a valóság éppen az ellenkezője: a jó vezetés gyakran "rossz történetet" eredményez, mert minimálisra csökkenti a drámai eseményeket.

The leadership development industry has grown to a $26.7 billion global business by 2024, yet 41% leaders feel their organisation does not meet the required leadership standards. This statistic shows that something is fundamentally wrong with the process of selecting and developing leaders.

Why are we drawn to dramatic leadership stories?

It's a peculiarity of the human mind that we are more gripped by spectacular, dramatic events than by quiet, efficient work. This is part of our evolutionary heritage - it was important for our ancestors to be able to recognise danger and big changes immediately. But in today's world, this mechanism can be misleading, especially when assessing leadership competencies.

The appeal of dramatic narratives:

  • Easier to remember and pass on
  • More emotionally gripping
  • They fit into a simple hero-failure structure
  • Preferred by the media and social platforms

The great lesson of history: Amundsen vs. Shackleton

An example from the history of polar exploration illustrates how the action fallacy works. Two men, two completely different styles of leadership, yet one of them is virtually unknown, while the other is legendary.

Roald Amundsen: A "tökéletes" vezető, akit elfelejtettek

Amundsen's achievements:

  • All four main polar targets successfully met
  • First three times
  • In 1911, it reached the South Pole on a 3,000 km journey
  • He returned to the camp a day after the scheduled time

Amundsen intimate knowledge, careful planning and credible leadership révén minimálisra tudta csökkenteni a problémákat. Expedíciói "unalmas olvasmányt" jelentenek, mert nem voltak drámaiak. Pedig ez pont a jó vezetés jele volt – minden olyan zökkenőmentesen ment, ahogy tervezte.

Ernest Shackleton: The master of spectacular falls

In contrast Shackleton has set off for Antarctica four times, three times as a guide, and each time the result has been failure, disaster or death. Yet he is celebrated worldwide in best-selling books, documentaries and leadership development programmes.

A híres "Endurance" expedíciója (1914) tökéletes példa az önmaga által előidézett válságra:

  • Ignored advice from local whalers
  • Significant shortcomings in equipment and preparation
  • A series of bad decisions led to the ship being stranded in the ice
  • A legénység veszélyes helyzetbe került, amit aztán "hősiesen" oldott meg

"A válság kapitányok" többnyire olyan válságokat oldanak meg, amelyeket maguk idéztek elő rossz tervezéssel és döntéshozatallal.

What are the lessons from a coaching perspective?

The example of the two polar researchers illustrates perfectly that why inept leaders get ahead. Shackleton stílusa sokkal "eladhatóbb" – izgalmas történet, drámai fordulatok, hősies kitartás. Amundsen módszere viszont "unalmas" – alapos felkészülés, kockázatelemzés, következetes végrehajtás.

What do you think?

The consequences of the action fallacy in the modern workplace

The problem is not just a matter of historical interest. Only 29% of workers perceive their manager to be a human leader, reflecting the depth of today's leadership crisis.

What type of inept leaders get ahead?

1. A "tűzoltó" típusú vezetők

  • Constantly facing crisis situations
  • They use spectacular solutions
  • Generate a lot of attention
  • In fact, they often cause the problems themselves

2. The over-communicating leaders Studies in organisational psychology confirm that we see leadership potential in those who:

  • They talk more (regardless of what they say)
  • They seem confident (regardless of their competence)
  • Constantly busy (regardless of what they do)

3. Masters of spectacle A social media és a folyamatos kommunikáció kora még inkább felerősíti ezt a jelenséget. Azok a vezetők, akik jól tudják "eladni" magukat, gyakran előnyben vannak a csendes, de hatékony vezetőkkel szemben.

Why celebrate inept leaders - or the action fallacy trap
Why celebrate inept leaders - or the action fallacy trap

How does this affect the organisational culture?

The action is a mistake a self-sustaining cycle creates:

  1. Promoting bad examples: Impressive but incompetent leaders get higher positions
  2. Value distortion: Appearance becomes more important than actual ability
  3. Demotivation: Those who do really good work are marginalised
  4. A toxic culture: The organisation is not performing at its maximum
  5. More bad decisions: Incompetent leaders select new incompetent leaders

A real case from coaching practice

Egy coaching folyamat során találkoztunk olyan helyzettel, ahol két különböző vezetési stílus hatását figyelhettük meg. Az egyik vezető gyakran került "hősszerepbe" látványos problémamegoldásaival, míg kollégája csendesebb, megelőző jellegű munkájával kevesebb figyelmet kapott. A coaching során mindkét vezetővel dolgoztunk azon, hogy fejlesszék saját vezetési stílusukat - az egyik esetében a tervezési és kockázatkezelési képességeket, a másik esetében pedig a kommunikációs és láthatósági készségeket. A folyamat végére mindketten hatékonyabb vezetőkké váltak, különböző erősségeiket kihasználva.


Why are inept leaders attractive?

1. The glamour of the spectacle

The inept drivers are often charismatic and good communicators. They can present themselves as the answer to every problem. This can be particularly attractive in crisis situations when people are looking for quick, spectacular solutions.

2. The desire for a heroic narrative

Mindannyian szeretjük a történeteket, ahol a hős legyőzi a nehézségeket. Az alkalmatlan vezetők gyakran "hős pozícióba" helyezik magukat, még akkor is, ha maguk okozták a problémákat. Ez pszichológiailag vonzó mind a vezetőknek, mind a beosztottaknak.

3. The illusion of quick results

Incompetent leaders are often spectacular results in the short term even if it is harmful in the long run. Shareholders and senior management often value these rapid, visible changes more than slow, sustainable progress.

Who benefits from identifying inadequate leaders?

For organisations

  • HR professionals: To build better board selection processes
  • Top management: To distinguish between real performance and appearance
  • Boards of Directors: For a more objective management assessment

For individual development

  • Emerging leaders: To avoid following inappropriate leadership patterns
  • Experienced leaders: For self-reflection and rethinking their management style
  • Team members: To recognise a healthy workplace culture

How do we recognise inadequate leaders?

Warning signs in leadership behaviour

Characteristics of an unsuitable driverCharacteristics of a competent driver
Continuous crisis managementProactive problem prevention
Spectacular, quick decisionsInformed, data-driven decisions
Emphasising individual successFocus on team success
Blaming others for mistakesLiability
OvercommunicationEffective, to the point communication

What can we do after recognition?

1. Developing objectivity

  • Judging by facts and data
  • Don't be swayed by spectacular stories
  • Kérdezzük meg: "Milyen eredményeket ért el hosszú távon?"

2. A "víz alatti" munka értékelése

  • Watch those who perform quietly, consistently
  • Evaluate preventive measures
  • Recognise stable performance

3. Supporting cultural change

  • Reward sustainable results
  • Support those who achieve team success
  • Let's change our evaluation systems

Az "unalmas vezetés" ereje

Harvard Business School kutatásai szerint a nagy vezetés nem annyira tartós tulajdonságokról szól, mint inkább az adott helyzethez való alkalmazkodási képességről. Ez az úgynevezett "kontextuális intelligencia" sokkal fontosabb, mint a látványos cselekvések.

Mit jelent az "unalmas vezetés"?

Az "unalmas vezetés" kifejezés persze provokatív, de lényege egyszerű: good leaders build processes and cultures that minimise dramatic events. This includes:

Careful planning and foresight

  • Detailed risk analysis
  • Tiered reserve plans
  • Continuous monitoring systems
  • Proactive communication

Building a credible culture

  • Clear values and expectations
  • Consistent decision-making
  • Open communication channels
  • Trust-based relationships

Team-centred approach

  • Identifying and developing individual strengths
  • A culture of collective responsibility
  • Promoting knowledge sharing
  • Supporting sustainable performance

Miért "unalmas" ez a megközelítés?

Az "unalmas vezetés" azért tűnik kevésbé izgalmasnak, mert:

  • Few dramatic events happens
  • Gradual, slow progress features
  • Kevés "hős pillanat" is
  • Stable, predictable creates an environment

De éppen ezek a tulajdonságok teszik igazán hatékonnyá! A CoachLab coaching folyamataiban azt tapasztaljuk, hogy azok a vezetők, akik hajlandóak az "unalmas" alapmunkát elvégezni, hosszú távon sokkal sikeresebb szervezeteket vezetnek.

The impact of social media on the popularity of inept leaders

In the 21st century, the problem of incompetent leaders has become even more serious with the rise of social media. The culture of LinkedIn, Twitter and other platforms particularly favours leaders who spectacular content they can produce.

How does social media amplify the action fallacy?

1. The logic of viral content

  • More dramatic, emotional stories are spreading
  • Az "inspiráló" bukás-felemelkedés narratívák népszerűek
  • Complex, nuanced situations are difficult to convey

2. The cult of personal branding

  • A vezetők "márkázni" kényszerülnek magukat
  • Continuous visibility becomes more important than work
  • Az "expert" státusz egyszerűbb elérni, mint a valós szakértelem

3. The fast content cycle

  • No time for deep analysis
  • Appearances are more important than results
  • Long-term impacts cannot be assessed

What can we do about it?

At individual level:

  • We are critical of social media content
  • Looking for the facts and figures behind the stories
  • Follow those who create real value

At organisational level:

  • Don't just judge by social media activity
  • Evaluate the actual business results
  • Support those who are quietly doing good work

Coaching tools to identify inadequate leaders

In leadership development, it is particularly important to be able to recognise these patterns. Here are some practical tools:

Using SMART targets in management assessment

Incompetent leaders are often vague, difficult to measure targets will be formulated. The SMART criteria help to reveal this:

  • Specific (concrete): What exactly are you trying to achieve?
  • Measurable: How do you measure success?
  • Achievable: Is this a realistic expectation?
  • Relevant: Does it meet the objectives of the organisation?
  • Time-bound: Is there a specific deadline?

STAR method for analysing past performance

Amikor egy vezető múltbeli "sikereit" értékeljük, használjuk a STAR módszert:

  • Situation: What was the exact context?
  • Task: What was the driver's responsibility?
  • Action: What did you do specifically?
  • Result: What has been the long-term impact?

This helps to distinguish real success from fake success.

Redefining good leadership

To move beyond the action fallacy, we need to redefine what good leadership is.

The real leadership competences

1. Strategic thinking

  • Long-term planning ability
  • A structured approach to complex problems
  • Developing different scenarios

2. Emotional intelligence

  • Consciously managing your own emotions
  • Recognising and managing the emotions of others
  • Empathy and active listening

3. Communication skills

  • Clear, unambiguous messaging
  • Adaptation to different target groups
  • Ability to give and receive feedback

4. Team building skills

  • Identifying and exploiting individual strengths
  • Building a culture of cooperation
  • Building and maintaining trust

Fontos-e a "láthatatlan" munka?

Yes, this is the most important! A jó vezetők 80%-a "láthatatlan" munkából áll:

  • Process optimisation: Building systems that work automatically
  • Building culture: Developing values and norms that guide everyday decisions
  • Prevention: Problem forecasting and prevention
  • Development: Continuous development of team members' skills

These activities do not generate spectacular stories, but they lay the foundations for long-term success.

International trends and research

Harvard Business Review's latest research

A Harvard Business Review 2024-es díjnyertes cikke a "Leaders Must React" címmel pont arról szól, hogy a vezetőknek hogyan kell reagálniuk váratlan eseményekre. A kutatás szerint a legjobb vezetők nem azok, akik pánikszerűen reagálnak, hanem akik:

  • Quick to assess the situation
  • Decisions based on data
  • They respond in cooperation with their team
  • Learning from experience

The challenges of the new generation of leaders

2024-ben az új generációs vezetők - Gen X és Millennials - lépnek fel vezetői szerepekbe, akik teljesen más perspektívával rendelkeznek, mint a Baby Boomer generáció. Ez lehetőséget teremt arra, hogy megváltoztassuk a vezetésről alkotott elképzeléseinket.

The benefits of the new generation:

  • Technology-oriented
  • Cooperative skills
  • Sustainability approach
  • Diversity assessment

Their challenges:

  • Az "akció tévedés" kultúrájának öröksége
  • Social media pressure
  • Expect a quick result

Practical steps for change

At organisational level

1. Rethinking evaluation systems

  • Measuring long-term results
  • Regular use of 360-degree feedback
  • Balance between team success and individual performance

2. Improving the leadership selection process

  • Use of structured interviews
  • Objective analysis of previous results
  • Strengthening reference checks

3. Coaching and development programmes

  • Focus on developing real competences
  • Self-reflection and awareness raising
  • Develop mentoring programmes

At individual level

1. Consciously examining your own leadership style

  • Kérdezd meg magadtól: "Megelőzöm a problémákat vagy csak reagálok rájuk?"
  • Collect data on your own performance
  • Get honest feedback from your team members

2. Develop long-term thinking

  • Develop 3-5 year strategies
  • Measure everything that can be measured
  • Focus on sustainable results

3. "Unalmas vezetői" készségek fejlesztése

  • Planning and organisational skills
  • Process optimisation
  • Team building techniques

Common questions about incompetent drivers

Really?

How do we know if a driver is really unfit?

The main characteristics of inept leaders are: constantly managing crises through their own mistakes, making spectacular decisions with reckless risk-taking, blaming others, over-communicating without meaningful substance, and short-term results at the cost of long-term damage. If these patterns are repeated, it is worth critically examining the true competencies of the leader.

What can you do if you have to work with an incompetent manager?

Document decisions and their consequences, increase communication and feedback, seek allies within the team, suggest objective measurement methods and, where possible, participate in leadership development programmes. It's important not to become a victim of inappropriate leadership patterns, but to present alternative solutions.

Does gender play a role in the promotion of inept leaders?

Yes, research shows that there is a well-documented bias towards white men in leadership positions, which partly explains the phenomenon. More than 40% of women in senior positions feel under pressure to work and nearly 60% experience fatigue, while for men the rate is below 30%. This means that women and minorities have higher expectations while receiving less recognition.

Summary: Choosing the leaders of the future

The social and economic cost of inept leaders is huge. 86% of high-potential workers feel exhausted at the end of the day, partly due to having to work in constant fire-fighting mode because of poor management decisions.

In our view, overcoming the action fallacy is not just an economic issue, but also our social responsibility. Every time we reward or promote an incompetent manager while ignoring a competent professional, we contribute to perpetuating a culture that harms workplace communities and economic performance.

Keys to change

1. Raising awareness: We must recognise that the action fallacy is a real problem that affects us all.

2. Improving measurement methods: We need to focus on objective, long-term results rather than spectacular, short-term successes.

3. Culture change: We must value those who prevent problems, not just those who solve them.

4. Education and development: We need to train both current and future leaders in real leadership competences.

A kérdés az, hogy amikor szervezetünk "jégtömeggel" szembesül, kit szeretnénk a kormánykeréknél: azt a vezetőt, aki pánikszerűen berántja a motort és dinamitot csomagol ki, vagy azt, aki eleve elkerüli, hogy a hajó elakadjon a jégben?

The answer is clear - but in practice, we still often reward the former type of leader. It's time to change this, because the future of our companies, our teams and our society depends on it.


To find out more about our leadership development and coaching services, visit CoachLab our website, or check out executive coaching and coaching prices. Follow us for more professional content on our blog.

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